Paternity Testing: The Gene Tree

There may be many personal and legal reasons that paternity DNA testing may be completed.  Some of those reasons may include peace of mind, family medical history, child support issues, custody and adoption issues, citizenship and immigration issues, inheritance and benefit issues, determine ancestry, to name several.  So once the relationship has met this crossroad, the paternity test requires a sample DNA of the child and the alleged father.  Although testing does not always required to have the mother, it is generally recommended for more accurate analysis.  A paternity DNA test analysis involves the direct examination of the genetic material that the child inherited from his biological parents.  Since DNA is located throughout the human body, it is the same whether it is found in the blood or the cheek lining.  The DNA is fully established at conception and remains consistent throughout one's life. 

During paternity testing, the genetics of the child are first compared to what is found in the mother.  Those characteristics that are in the child that cannot be found in the mother have been inherited from the biological father.  This information should be determined through an accredited testing laboratory by the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB), so that you know the results are accurate.  The results of the sampling cannot be altered nor can medication, drugs, alcohol, food, age, or lifestyle alter the DNA pattern.  

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So how is a sample of the paternity DNA test obtained?  A buccal swab with a specialized applicator with a sponge, cotton or Dacron tip is rubbed on the inside of the cheek to collect epithelial cells.  This procedure is very simple, non-invasive and painless, and the kits are available through various pharmacies and drugstores.  However, the costs of the lab test varies from lab to lab.  It is also as accurate as a blood sample since DNA cells are located throughout the body.  While it is possible to complete any DNA testing without the mother's sample, it may require additional analysis in the laboratory.  Most labs prefer to use the mother since half of the child's DNA comes from the mother.  If the alleged father is missing or deceased, it is still possible to complete the testing.  Other relatives can replace him, such as parents.  If the father is deceased, it is possible sometimes to obtain the biological samples from a hospital or coroner's office.  All adults over the age of eighteen are eligible to receive a copy of the results.  Also, parties who represent the tested individuals can request a copy of the test results. 

A relationship crossroads may call for the need of DNA testing for complete peace of mind, or for any legal or medical reason.  If the relationship is at such a crossroads, there are many home paternity testing kits available online or available through various pharmacies and drugstores, which cost effective.  When considering a paternity DNA test to determine ancestry, most experts will agree that this is not the area where costs should not be cut.  The quality of testing conducted by the lab should be evaluated, the accreditation of the lab, and experience of the lab.  However, one safeguard to consider is making sure that the lab that is chosen is AABB accredited.  A paternity DNA test can profoundly affect one's life, and that's why it is critical to work with a lab that has the proven accuracy. 

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